What are ACE inhibitors primarily used for in clinical practice?

ACE inhibitors, or Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors, are primarily utilized in clinical practice for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure due to their mechanism of action, which involves the inhibition of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and plays a critical role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. By reducing the levels of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors contribute to vasodilation, decreased blood volume, and ultimately lower blood pressure.

In the context of heart failure, these medications also help to decrease the workload on the heart and improve cardiac output, which can significantly enhance patient outcomes. This dual role in managing both hypertension and heart failure underscores the clinical importance of ACE inhibitors in cardiovascular medicine. Therefore, their primary indication revolves around their efficacy in controlling blood pressure and providing symptomatic relief for patients with heart failure.