What are common side effects of theophylline?

Theophylline is a bronchodilator commonly used in the management of respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its mechanism of action involves relaxing the bronchial smooth muscles and enhancing airflow to the lungs.

Gastrointestinal discomfort and insomnia are recognized as common side effects associated with theophylline use. The reason for gastrointestinal discomfort includes its stimulation of gastric acid secretion, which can lead to symptoms such as nausea or abdominal pain. Insomnia occurs due to theophylline's stimulatory effects on the central nervous system, which can result in increased restlessness or difficulty sleeping.

The other options do not accurately reflect the typical adverse effects seen with theophylline. Weight gain and lethargy typically are not associated with theophylline therapy. Vision changes and dizziness may occur but are less common and not typically highlighted as frequent side effects. Dry mouth and headache can occur but are also not as strongly associated with theophylline compared to gastrointestinal issues and insomnia.