What effect does respiratory depression from opioids have on the body?

Respiratory depression caused by opioids primarily leads to a decreased breathing rate. Opioids bind to specific receptors in the brain that are responsible for managing respiration. When these receptors are activated, they can suppress the normal respiratory drive, resulting in slower and shallower breathing patterns. This reduction in respiratory rate can lead to inadequate oxygen levels in the blood and can increase the risk of respiratory failure, highlighting the critical need for monitoring and managing this side effect in patients receiving opioid therapy.

The other options do not accurately reflect the physiological response to respiratory depression caused by opioids. For example, increased heart rate is not a direct consequence of respiratory depression; instead, hypoxia stemming from reduced breathing can sometimes lead to an increased heart rate as a compensatory mechanism. Enhanced physical activity and heightened alertness are contrary to the typical sedative effects of opioids, as these substances often induce sedation and decrease overall alertness and activity levels.